HomeMemory is a "working space" of the processor to put the instructions and data from programs that are operated and store the results back from the execution of the program.
This type of memory consists of:
A. ROM (Read Only Memory)
B. RAM (Random Access Memory)
Processor Unit> Memory> ROM
ROM memory types
are generally only able to read only and are peranen or nonvolatie (not lost
when power off).
ROM is used to store regular program for booting the computer so it can be directly accessed and executed by the processor.
There is a ROM chip on the motherboard (BIOS ROM) and some kind of adapter cards such as video cards, SCSI cards, EIDE card and a network card.
ROM BIOS on the motherboard contains four main boot program that is:
POST (Power On Self Test), to test whether the components of the system is working normally.
CMOS Setup to set the configuration parameters of the system.
Bootstrap loader, to find and load the operating system to the computer.
BIOS (Basic Input Output System), contains a set of program tools are copied from ROM to the adapter card to operate the tools that were actively involved during the boot process such as a monitor and keyboard.
ROM is used to store regular program for booting the computer so it can be directly accessed and executed by the processor.
There is a ROM chip on the motherboard (BIOS ROM) and some kind of adapter cards such as video cards, SCSI cards, EIDE card and a network card.
ROM BIOS on the motherboard contains four main boot program that is:
POST (Power On Self Test), to test whether the components of the system is working normally.
CMOS Setup to set the configuration parameters of the system.
Bootstrap loader, to find and load the operating system to the computer.
BIOS (Basic Input Output System), contains a set of program tools are copied from ROM to the adapter card to operate the tools that were actively involved during the boot process such as a monitor and keyboard.
This type of ROM chip consists of:
ROM
PROM (Programmable ROM)
EPROM
EEPROM (Erasable PROM)
Processor Unit> Memory> RAM
RAM used to store
data and instructions from the software that is being operated by a computer.
RAM types consist of:
SDRAM (Static RAM)
DRAM (Dinamic RAM)
DRAM memory is called dynamic because it must direcharge (updated electrical load) on a periodic basis because of the nature of the cargo by the leakage capacitor is used to make the memory cells of DRAM. Excess DRAM is much cheaper and easier circuit so that a single DRAM chip can load the data bit cell is much larger than SRAM.
SRAM does not need direcharge such as DRAM because the design of the transistor. Excess data SRAM access is faster than DRAM and more stable store of data.
SDRAM is used in the internal memory cache (L1) and external memory (L2) of the processor. While DRAM chips are used in making up the memory modules are installed on the motherboard.
DRAM can be categorized according to the data access methods:
FPM (Fast Page Mode)
EDO (Extended Data Out)
BEDO (Burst EDO)
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)
DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
DRAM chips are arranged in memory modules and then installed on the memory slot on the motherboard. This type of DRAM memory modules consist of:
SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module), with type 30pin (8 data bits + 4 optional parity bit)
DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module), a type of pin 168.
RAM types consist of:
SDRAM (Static RAM)
DRAM (Dinamic RAM)
DRAM memory is called dynamic because it must direcharge (updated electrical load) on a periodic basis because of the nature of the cargo by the leakage capacitor is used to make the memory cells of DRAM. Excess DRAM is much cheaper and easier circuit so that a single DRAM chip can load the data bit cell is much larger than SRAM.
SRAM does not need direcharge such as DRAM because the design of the transistor. Excess data SRAM access is faster than DRAM and more stable store of data.
SDRAM is used in the internal memory cache (L1) and external memory (L2) of the processor. While DRAM chips are used in making up the memory modules are installed on the motherboard.
DRAM can be categorized according to the data access methods:
FPM (Fast Page Mode)
EDO (Extended Data Out)
BEDO (Burst EDO)
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)
DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
DRAM chips are arranged in memory modules and then installed on the memory slot on the motherboard. This type of DRAM memory modules consist of:
SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module), with type 30pin (8 data bits + 4 optional parity bit)
DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module), a type of pin 168.
Unit Processor > Power Supply
Function of the
power supply is changed liatrik AC power supply from outside the DC voltage of +3.3
V, +5 V, +12 V and-12V according to the needs of the various components of the computer
system.
Power supply consists of three types of models, namely:
1. Power Supply Unit Model AT (Advanced Technology)
2. Power Supply Unit Model ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended)
3. Power Supply Unit model of BTX (Balanced Technology Extended)
See more about the Power Supply Unit
Processor Unit> Casing
Casing is the contact of the metal cover that protects the motherboard, power supply, diskdrives, adapter cards and other internal tools.
Power supply consists of three types of models, namely:
1. Power Supply Unit Model AT (Advanced Technology)
2. Power Supply Unit Model ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended)
3. Power Supply Unit model of BTX (Balanced Technology Extended)
See more about the Power Supply Unit
Processor Unit> Casing
Casing is the contact of the metal cover that protects the motherboard, power supply, diskdrives, adapter cards and other internal tools.
Type of form
factor of the casing consists of:
Full Tower
Mini disk
Desktop
Slimline
BUS UNIT
The bus is a data communication path that connects all the computer systems. Bus structure consists of several levels which refers to the speed of the bus lane. Each device connected to an existing bus.
Components of the bus unit comprising lines of communication for the data signals, address and control chip to control the bus operation and a socket connector / expansion slot.
Bus tiers consist of:
Processor Bus
Memory Bus
I / O Bus
Bus Unit> Processor Bus
Processor bus is a bus of the fastest levels since it operates at the speed of the processor external, generally around 66.75 or 100 MHz.
Processor bus function is to provide communication paths between the processor with the chipset (Northbridge) and the external memory cache (L2).
Bus Unit> Memory Bus
Memory bus is used to transfer information between CPU and main memomi modules (DRAM). Northbridge chipset acts as a regulator of the operation of the memory bus.
Bus Unit> I / O Bus
I / O bus is a communication line computer systems and device I / O. With the I / O bus allows users to add I / O interface card / adapter card into an expansion slot to increase the capability of your computer.
each I / O bus is controlled by the chipset or Super I / O chip which has a mechanism for the I / O bus and connect it to the processor bus.
The chipset consists of two units of the chip, namely:
Northbridge: to set the connection between the high speed processor bus (66-100MHz) with a PCI bus (33MHz) and the AGP bus (66Mhz) the speed is lower.
Southbridge: a link between between the PCI bus to ISA bus (8MHz) or the bus that much lower speed.
Types of I / O bus consists of: Serial
Parallel
IDE
SCSI
ISA
MCA
EISA
VESA Local Bus (VL-bus)
PCI Local Bus
AGP
PC-Card (or PCMCIA)
FireWire (IEEE-1394 Standards)
USB
Differences between each type of I / O bus is on the amount of data ditrasfer on one unit of time and speed of data transfer.
STORAGE SOFTWARE
Storage devices that hold the files from the Operating system, application programs and data permanently.
Processor takes a program and data to be operated from the storage device and copy to memory for dieksesusi. Once the operation is completed the file is saved back (save) to the storage media.
Storage devices can be categorized according to the technology used for:
Magnetic devices
Optical devices
Storage Device> Device Magnetic
Bits of data stored on magnetic devices by making the magnetization pattern on the metal particles that coat the disk storage in accordance with the incoming data bit stream.
This type of magnetic device comprising:
Hard Drive
Floppy disk
Removable
Storage Devices> Magnetic Devices> Hard Disk
Full Tower
Mini disk
Desktop
Slimline
BUS UNIT
The bus is a data communication path that connects all the computer systems. Bus structure consists of several levels which refers to the speed of the bus lane. Each device connected to an existing bus.
Components of the bus unit comprising lines of communication for the data signals, address and control chip to control the bus operation and a socket connector / expansion slot.
Bus tiers consist of:
Processor Bus
Memory Bus
I / O Bus
Bus Unit> Processor Bus
Processor bus is a bus of the fastest levels since it operates at the speed of the processor external, generally around 66.75 or 100 MHz.
Processor bus function is to provide communication paths between the processor with the chipset (Northbridge) and the external memory cache (L2).
Bus Unit> Memory Bus
Memory bus is used to transfer information between CPU and main memomi modules (DRAM). Northbridge chipset acts as a regulator of the operation of the memory bus.
Bus Unit> I / O Bus
I / O bus is a communication line computer systems and device I / O. With the I / O bus allows users to add I / O interface card / adapter card into an expansion slot to increase the capability of your computer.
each I / O bus is controlled by the chipset or Super I / O chip which has a mechanism for the I / O bus and connect it to the processor bus.
The chipset consists of two units of the chip, namely:
Northbridge: to set the connection between the high speed processor bus (66-100MHz) with a PCI bus (33MHz) and the AGP bus (66Mhz) the speed is lower.
Southbridge: a link between between the PCI bus to ISA bus (8MHz) or the bus that much lower speed.
Types of I / O bus consists of: Serial
Parallel
IDE
SCSI
ISA
MCA
EISA
VESA Local Bus (VL-bus)
PCI Local Bus
AGP
PC-Card (or PCMCIA)
FireWire (IEEE-1394 Standards)
USB
Differences between each type of I / O bus is on the amount of data ditrasfer on one unit of time and speed of data transfer.
STORAGE SOFTWARE
Storage devices that hold the files from the Operating system, application programs and data permanently.
Processor takes a program and data to be operated from the storage device and copy to memory for dieksesusi. Once the operation is completed the file is saved back (save) to the storage media.
Storage devices can be categorized according to the technology used for:
Magnetic devices
Optical devices
Storage Device> Device Magnetic
Bits of data stored on magnetic devices by making the magnetization pattern on the metal particles that coat the disk storage in accordance with the incoming data bit stream.
This type of magnetic device comprising:
Hard Drive
Floppy disk
Removable
Storage Devices> Magnetic Devices> Hard Disk
Hard drive has
a 2 to 11 pieces of data storage disk made of aluminum or glass
and coated with iron oxide.
The composition of the disk is divided in several storage areas namely cylinder, track, and sector, as shown in the picture. Each storage area is given a code number with the address.
Performance-related drive by several factors: disk rotational speed, usually 5400, 7200, or 10,000 rpm.
Hard drive storage capacity.
Data is read or written to the hard drive by moving the read / write head is located on each side of the disk across the surface of the disk to track the location of the data.
Preparation of the hard component consists of:
disk storage
circuit board
Read / write head
Cables and connectors
driving head
Motor player
Cookie settings (Jumper and switch)
Storage Devices> Magnetic Devices> Floppy disk drive
The composition of the disk is divided in several storage areas namely cylinder, track, and sector, as shown in the picture. Each storage area is given a code number with the address.
Performance-related drive by several factors: disk rotational speed, usually 5400, 7200, or 10,000 rpm.
Hard drive storage capacity.
Data is read or written to the hard drive by moving the read / write head is located on each side of the disk across the surface of the disk to track the location of the data.
Preparation of the hard component consists of:
disk storage
circuit board
Read / write head
Cables and connectors
driving head
Motor player
Cookie settings (Jumper and switch)
Storage Devices> Magnetic Devices> Floppy disk drive
Storage Devices>
Magnetic Devices> Floppy disk drive
Floppy disk drive system has two separate elements and the floppy disk drive diskete. Data is stored on disks are easy to carry. To read / write data, diskette must be inserted into the disk drive.
Disk drives have two read write head, one for each side of the diskette. Played on the disk drive with a speed of 600 rpm 300 atai. Head moves tangentially to the track location data for read / write data.
Type of floppy disk drive comprising:
3 1/2 inch, 1.44 MB drive
3 1/2 inch, 2.88 MB drive
5 1/4 inch, 1.2 MB drive
Storage Devices> Magnetic Devices> Removable disk
Floppy disk drive system has two separate elements and the floppy disk drive diskete. Data is stored on disks are easy to carry. To read / write data, diskette must be inserted into the disk drive.
Disk drives have two read write head, one for each side of the diskette. Played on the disk drive with a speed of 600 rpm 300 atai. Head moves tangentially to the track location data for read / write data.
Type of floppy disk drive comprising:
3 1/2 inch, 1.44 MB drive
3 1/2 inch, 2.88 MB drive
5 1/4 inch, 1.2 MB drive
Storage Devices> Magnetic Devices> Removable disk
Removable disk storage
device that is easy to move, usually associated with high and through the I / O
port manifold external USB, IDE, SCSI or parallel.
Basic types of removable media that have two disks and tape. The working principle is similar to the hard disk media while the media technology to adopt the principle of an audio cassette tape.
Disk media is more popular and there are several types such as:
Iomega Zip Drive
3M LS 120
Bernoulli Drive
Jaz Drive
Flash disk
Tape media types such as:
QIC (Quarter Inch Cartridge)
DAT (Digital Audio Tape)
DLT (Digital Linear Tape)
Exabyte 8mm tape
Travan Tape Cartridges
Tool Storage> Optical Devices
Optical devices use a CD (Compact Disc) as a data storage medium with a laser beam to write / read data.
CD made of wafer polikarbon with the middle layer contains a mixture of metallic aluminum film which is a data storage medium.
Data is stored as a row of pits (holes) and lands (plains) of the lining of the aluminum film. Low-energy laser beam is directed onto the film will be diffused when the pit and perfectly reflected by the land. Sensor to collect light reflected from a laser beam pattern and further processors to be the reflection of the pattern data.
This type of CD drive consists of:
Basic types of removable media that have two disks and tape. The working principle is similar to the hard disk media while the media technology to adopt the principle of an audio cassette tape.
Disk media is more popular and there are several types such as:
Iomega Zip Drive
3M LS 120
Bernoulli Drive
Jaz Drive
Flash disk
Tape media types such as:
QIC (Quarter Inch Cartridge)
DAT (Digital Audio Tape)
DLT (Digital Linear Tape)
Exabyte 8mm tape
Travan Tape Cartridges
Tool Storage> Optical Devices
Optical devices use a CD (Compact Disc) as a data storage medium with a laser beam to write / read data.
CD made of wafer polikarbon with the middle layer contains a mixture of metallic aluminum film which is a data storage medium.
Data is stored as a row of pits (holes) and lands (plains) of the lining of the aluminum film. Low-energy laser beam is directed onto the film will be diffused when the pit and perfectly reflected by the land. Sensor to collect light reflected from a laser beam pattern and further processors to be the reflection of the pattern data.
This type of CD drive consists of:
.
CD-R (CD-Recordable) can be written once can be read later.
CD-RW (CD-Rewritable), can read / write with the infinite.
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), has the lowest capacity of 4.7 GB for the types of single sided, single layer.
No comments:
Post a Comment